Exclusion – Leaving someone out on purpose, ignoring them in social settings

Passive-aggressive comments – Sarcastic remarks, backhanded compliments, or subtle put-downs

Eye-rolling, sneering, or smirking – Non-verbal cues that convey disrespect

Whispering and gossiping – Spreading rumors or talking negatively behind someone's back

"Joking" insults – Making mean-spirited comments and dismissing them as jokes

Frequent teasing or name-calling – Using cruel or demeaning language regularly

Social exclusion and manipulation – Actively turning others against the victim

Cyberbullying begins – Harassment through text messages, social media, or group chats

Embarrassment tactics – Sharing private information, photos, or personal secrets

Power imbalance emerges – The bully gains control over the victim through fear or social status

Public humiliation – Shaming the victim in front of peers or online

Threats and intimidation – Making direct or indirect threats, creating fear

Property damage – Destroying or stealing personal belongings

Physical aggression – Pushing, hitting, tripping, or other forms of physical violence

Stalking or harassment – Repeatedly following, messaging, or intimidating the victim

Self-harm or withdrawal – The victim shows signs of anxiety, depression, or avoids school

Sustained abuse – Long-term emotional, verbal, or physical attacks

Retaliation or violence – The situation reaches a breaking point where the victim or aggressor may react with extreme actions

Escalation to legal or disciplinary actions – Law enforcement, school authorities, or parents intervene